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barbican

(n.)

"城市或城堡的外部防禦工事",公元13世紀中葉,源自古法語 barbacane "外部防禦工事"(12世紀),是一個普遍的羅曼語詞彙,據說最終源自阿拉伯語或波斯語(比較 bab-khanah "門房"); 根據沃特金斯的說法,它來自古伊朗語複合詞 *pari-varaka-, 來自 *pari- "周圍"(來自 PIE 詞根 *per-(1)"向前",因此是"在前面,周圍")+ *varaka-, 來自 PIE 詞根 *wer-(4)"覆蓋"。

也來自:mid-13c.

相關條目 barbican

*per-
(1)

Proto-Indo-European 根詞,表示“向前”,並通過擴展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反對”等。

它構成了以下單詞或部分單詞: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer

它是假設的源頭,其存在的證據由以下提供:梵語 pari “周圍,通過”, parah “更遠的,遠離的,遠大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿維斯塔語 pairi- “周圍”, paro “之前”; 赫梯語 para “在外面”,希臘語 peri “周圍,關於,靠近,超出”, pera “橫跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “從旁邊,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁語 pro “之前,爲了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通過”; 古斯拉夫語 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄語 pere- “通過”; 立陶宛語 per “通過”; 古愛爾蘭語 ire “更遠”, roar “足夠”; 哥特語 faura “之前”,古英語 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,從”, feor “到很遠的地方,很久以前”; 德語 vor “之前,在前面”; 古愛爾蘭語 air- 哥特語 fair-,德語 ver-,古英語 fer-,強調前綴。

*wer-
(4)

原始印歐語根詞,意爲“覆蓋”。

它構成或部分構成以下單詞: aperitifapertiveaperturebarbicancovercovertcurfewdiscovergaragegarmentgarnishgarretgarrisonguaranteeguarantykerchieflandwehroperculumovertoverturepertwarnwarrantwarranteewarrantywarrenwatWehrmachtweir

它是假設的來源,其存在的證據由以下單詞提供:梵語 vatah “圍牆”, vrnoti “覆蓋,包裹,關閉”; 立陶宛語 užveriu, užverti “關閉,關閉”; 古波斯語 *pari-varaka “保護”; 拉丁語 (op)erire “覆蓋”, (ap)erire “打開,揭開”(帶有 ap- “關閉,遠離”); 古教會斯拉夫語 vora “密封,關閉”, vreti “關閉”; 古愛爾蘭語 feronn “田地”,本意爲“封閉的土地”; 古英語 wer “水壩,籬笆,圍欄”,德語 Wehr “防禦,保護”,哥特語 warjan “保衛,保護”。

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    barbican的趨勢

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    僅供參考,由機器翻譯系統提供。查看原文,請訪問:Etymology, origin and meaning of barbican

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