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barbican

(n.)

"城市或城堡的外部防御工事",公元13世纪中叶,源自古法语 barbacane "外部防御工事"(12世纪),是一个普遍的罗曼语词汇,据说最终源自阿拉伯语或波斯语(比较 bab-khanah "门房"); 根据沃特金斯的说法,它来自古伊朗语复合词 *pari-varaka-, 来自 *pari- "周围"(来自 PIE 词根 *per-(1)"向前",因此是"在前面,周围")+ *varaka-, 来自 PIE 词根 *wer-(4)"覆盖"。

同样来自于:mid-13c.

相关词汇 barbican

*per-
(1)

Proto-Indo-European 根词,表示“向前”,并通过扩展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反对”等。

它构成了以下单词或部分单词: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer

它是假设的源头,其存在的证据由以下提供:梵语 pari “周围,通过”, parah “更远的,远离的,远大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿维斯塔语 pairi- “周围”, paro “之前”; 赫梯语 para “在外面”,希腊语 peri “周围,关于,靠近,超出”, pera “横跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “从旁边,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁语 pro “之前,为了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通过”; 古斯拉夫语 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄语 pere- “通过”; 立陶宛语 per “通过”; 古爱尔兰语 ire “更远”, roar “足够”; 哥特语 faura “之前”,古英语 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,从”, feor “到很远的地方,很久以前”; 德语 vor “之前,在前面”; 古爱尔兰语 air- 哥特语 fair-,德语 ver-,古英语 fer-,强调前缀。

*wer-
(4)

原始印欧语根词,意为“覆盖”。

它构成或部分构成以下单词: aperitifapertiveaperturebarbicancovercovertcurfewdiscovergaragegarmentgarnishgarretgarrisonguaranteeguarantykerchieflandwehroperculumovertoverturepertwarnwarrantwarranteewarrantywarrenwatWehrmachtweir

它是假设的来源,其存在的证据由以下单词提供:梵语 vatah “围墙”, vrnoti “覆盖,包裹,关闭”; 立陶宛语 užveriu, užverti “关闭,关闭”; 古波斯语 *pari-varaka “保护”; 拉丁语 (op)erire “覆盖”, (ap)erire “打开,揭开”(带有 ap- “关闭,远离”); 古教会斯拉夫语 vora “密封,关闭”, vreti “关闭”; 古爱尔兰语 feronn “田地”,本意为“封闭的土地”; 古英语 wer “水坝,篱笆,围栏”,德语 Wehr “防御,保护”,哥特语 warjan “保卫,保护”。

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    仅供参考,由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文,请访问:Etymology, origin and meaning of barbican

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