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empathy
(n.)
1908年,仿照德语 Einfühlung(由 ein “在”和 Fühlung “感觉”组成)而创造,该词由德国哲学家鲁道夫·洛策(Rudolf Lotze)(1817-1881)于1858年创造,作为希腊语 empatheia “激情,情感状态”的翻译,其词源源自 en(参见 en-(2))的同化形式,加上 pathos “感觉”(源自 PIE 词根 *kwent(h)- “遭受”)。这是一种艺术欣赏理论术语,认为欣赏取决于观众将自己的个性投射到所观看的对象中的能力。
Not only do I see gravity and modesty and pride and courtesy and stateliness, but I feel or act them in the mind's muscles. This is, I suppose, a simple case of empathy, if we may coin that term as a rendering of Einfühlung; there is nothing curious or idiosyncratic about it; but it is a fact that must be mentioned. [Edward Bradford Titchener, "Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of the Thought Processes," 1909]
“我不仅看到了严肃、谦虚、骄傲、礼貌和庄严,而且在精神的肌肉中感受或表现它们。我认为,如果我们可以创造 Einfühlung 这个词,那么这是简单的同感案例。这并不奇怪或个性化,但这是必须提到的一个事实。”(爱德华·布拉德福德·提契纳,《关于思维过程的实验心理学讲座》,1909年)
... there is no doubt that the facts are new and that they justify their name: the art work is a thing of "empathy" (Titchener, Ward), of "fellow feeling" (Mitchell), of "inner sympathy" (Groos), of "sympathetic projection" (Urban), of "semblance of personality" (Baldwin), all terms suggested by different writers as renderings of the German Einfühlung. ["The American Yearbook," 1911]
“...... 毫无疑问,这些事实是新的,它们证明了它们的名字:艺术作品是一种 Einfühlung(Titchener,Ward),一种“同感”(Mitchell),一种“内在同情”(Groos),一种“共情投射”(Urban),一种“人格的相似”(Baldwin),所有这些术语都是不同作家提出的,作为德语 Einfühlung 的翻译。[“美国年鉴”,1911]
同样来自于:1908
相关词汇 empathy
empathetic
(adj.)
1909年,根据 empathy 的模式,据说最初是为了与 empathic 区分开来。1918年,《异常心理学杂志》(第13卷)中的一篇文章强烈推荐 empathic :
Sympathetic, the adjective, seems to have built up—so philologists say—on the analogy of pathetic: that is, sympathetic ought to be sympathic as indeed in some languages it becomes. And a little of the pathos of pathetic has usually clung to sympathetic. As for empathy, however, the adjective empathic seems to be more suitable than empathetic, if only because the latter would even more damagingly suggest pathos. [E.E. Southard]
形容词 Sympathetic 似乎是根据 pathetic 的类比建立起来的,即 sympathetic 应该是 sympathic,事实上在一些语言中确实如此。而 sympathetic 通常也带有一点 pathos 的意味。然而,对于共情来说,形容词 empathic 似乎比 empathetic 更合适,即使只是因为后者更容易暗示悲情。[E.E. Southard]
相关词汇: Empathetically。
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empathy 的使用趋势
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仅供参考,由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文,请访问:Etymology, origin and meaning of empathy