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Indian summer
"Frost's departure", meaning a period of warm, dry, and hazy weather, occurs after the first frost of the year. This phenomenon usually takes place from mid-September to nearly December, depending on the location. The term originated in 1774 in North American English (also used in eastern Canada), perhaps because it was first observed in regions still inhabited by Native Americans or because the Indigenous people first reported it to the Europeans in the upper Mississippi valley to the west of the Appalachians. There is no evidence to support a connection between the term and the color of fall leaves or a season of renewed Native American attacks on settlements due to renewed warm weather (a widespread explanation dating back to at least the 1820s).
It is the American version of the British All-Hallows summer, the French été de la Saint-Martin (feast day Nov. 11), etc. Also colloquial were St. Luke's summer (or little summer), a period of warm weather occurring around St. Luke's day (Oct. 18). An older and simpler name for it was autumn-spring (1630s).
同样来自于:1774
相关词汇 Indian summer
"居住在印度或南亚的人; 与印度有关的",公元1300年(名词和形容词),源于拉丁晚期 indianus,来自 India(见 India)。至少从1553年起,将其应用于美洲土著土地的原住民称为名词(自1610年代起作为形容词),反映了西班牙和葡萄牙的用法,错误地认为美洲是亚洲的东端(18世纪末至19世纪偶尔也用于菲律宾的居民和澳大利亚和新西兰的土著居民)。旧英语的形容词是 Indisc,而16世纪常用的形容词是 Indish。
为了区分美洲土著居民和印度居民,用词 Red Indian 首次出现在1831年的英国英语中(卡莱尔),但在北美并不常用。雨果·劳森(“恶意之词”)写道,“ Indian 在种族称谓中与其他词相比,直到近年来都没有太多贬义价值。”一些短语,其中大多数是美国短语,诋毁了诚实或智力,例如 Indian gift:
An Indian gift is a proverbial expression, signifying a present for which an equivalent return is expected. [Thomas Hutchinson, "History of Massachusetts Bay," 1765]
“印度礼物”是一句谚语,表示期望获得同等回报的礼物。[托马斯·哈钦森,“马萨诸塞湾的历史”,1765]
因此, Indian giver “一个给了礼物然后要求拿回来的人”(1848)。 还比较 Indian summer。 Indian elephant 始于公元1600年; Indian corn 始于1620年代; 走 Indian file 始于1758年。 作为一种武器, Indian club 最早是1824年,作为健身器材,最早为1825年(俱乐部被认为是美国西部土著战士的特征武器,如路易斯和克拉克等人所述)。 以美洲印第安人侧面肖像为特征的美国铜便士的形容词,始于1862年的 Indian-head。
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Indian summer 的使用趋势
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仅供参考,由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文,请访问:Etymology, origin and meaning of Indian summer
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