mistranslation (n.)

mid-14c., translacioun, "movement from one place to another, specifically "removal of a saint's body or relics to a new place;" also "act of rendering of a text from one language to another; a text produced by translation into another language;" from Old French translacion "translation" of text, also of the bones of a saint, etc. (12c.) or directly from Latin translationem (nominative translatio) "a carrying across, removal, transporting; transfer of meaning," noun of action from past-participle stem of transferre "bear across, carry over; copy, translate" (see transfer (v.)).

From late 14c. as "miraculous conveyance to paradise;" also used in Middle English of transplanted saplings. As adjectives, translative (16c.), translatory (18c.), translational (19c.).

It may be said that the essence of a language evaporates in the translation ; for the sound of the words being adapted to the ideas forms one of the greatest beauties of composition, and that is absolutely lost in translation. [Charles De la Garde, "The Candid Friend," 1797]

prefix of Germanic origin affixed to nouns and verbs and meaning "bad, wrong," from Old English mis-, from Proto-Germanic *missa- "divergent, astray" (source also of Old Frisian and Old Saxon mis-, Middle Dutch misse-, Old High German missa-, German miß-, Old Norse mis-, Gothic missa-), perhaps literally "in a changed manner," and with a root sense of "difference, change" (compare Gothic misso "mutually"), and thus possibly from PIE *mit-to-, from root *mei- (1) "to change."

Productive as word-forming element in Old English (as in mislæran "to give bad advice, teach amiss"). In 14c.-16c. in a few verbs its sense began to be felt as "unfavorably," and it came to be used as an intensive prefix with words already expressing negative feeling (as in misdoubt). Practically a separate word in Old and early Middle English (and often written as such). Old English also had an adjective (mislic "diverse, unlike, various") and an adverb (mislice "in various directions, wrongly, astray") derived from it, corresponding to German misslich (adj.). It has become confused with mis- (2).