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paradise
晚期古英语中,“伊甸园”,源自古法语 paradis “天堂,伊甸园”(11世纪),源自晚期拉丁语 paradisus “公园,果园; 伊甸园,幸福之地”,源自希腊语 paradeisos “公园; 天堂,伊甸园”,源自与阿维斯陀语 pairidaeza “围墙,公园”(现代波斯语和阿拉伯语 firdaus “花园,天堂”)相似的伊朗语源词,由 pairi- “周围”(源自 PIE 词根 *per-(1)“向前”,因此“在前面,附近,对抗,周围”)+ diz “制造,建造(墙壁)”组成。第一个成分与希腊语 peri “周围,关于”(参见 per)同源,第二个成分源自 PIE 词根 *dheigh- “形成,建造”。
希腊词被克西弗隆和其他人用来指波斯的果园或皇家狩猎公园,在七十士译本中被理解为“伊甸园”,在路加福音23:43的新约翻译中被理解为“基督教天堂,义人灵魂等待复活的地方”(这个意义在英语中可追溯到公元1200年左右; 从公元1400年开始扩展到穆斯林天堂)。意思是“极美之地,类似或可比拟于天堂的幸福状态”始于公元1300年。Gates of Paradise 最初指的是“圣母玛利亚”(14世纪晚期)
相关词汇 paradise
"源自拉丁语 paradisiacus (来自希腊语 paradeisiakos,源自 paradeisos; 参见 paradise )并加上 -al (1),意为“属于或与天堂或类似天堂的地方或状态有关”,可追溯至1630年代。
paradise rivals NECTAR in the number of experiments that the desire for a satisfactory adjective has occasioned. But, whereas nectar is in the end well enough provided, no-one uses any adjective from paradise without feeling that surely some other would have been less inadequate. The variants are paradisaic*(al*), paradisal, paradisean, paradisiac(al), paradisial*, paradisian*, paradisic(al), of which the asterisked ones are badly formed. Paradisal is perhaps the least intolerable, & that perhaps because it retains the sound of the last syllable of paradise; but the wise man takes refuge with heavenly, Edenlike, or other substitute. [Fowler]
天堂这个词可以与“甘露”相提并论——人们渴望寻找到一个令人满意的形容词,其遭受的试错与实验,堪称如出一辙。虽然 nectar 最终提供了足够的词汇,但是没有人会使用来自 paradise 的任何形容词而不感到语言表述的无力和无奈。 paradisaic*(al*), paradisal, paradisean, paradisiac(al), paradisial*, paradisian*, paradisic(al), 是其中的变体,其中星号标记的那些构词不当。 Paradisal 也许是最不容易被人忍受的一个,而且也许是因为它保留了 paradise 的最后一个音节的发音。但是,聪明的人会利用 heavenly, Edenlike,或者其他的替代词来避免这种尴尬。[福勒]
原始印欧语根,意为“形成,建造”。
它构成或部分构成以下单词: configure; dairy; dey(n.1)“女佣,管家,女仆”; disfigure; dough; effigy; faineant; faint; feign; feint; fictile; fiction; fictitious; figment; figure; figurine; lady; paradise; prefigure; thixotropy; transfigure。
它是假设的来源/其存在的证据由以下单词提供: dehah(梵语)“身体”,字面意思是“被形成的东西”, dih- “涂抹”; teikhos(希腊语)“墙”; fingere(拉丁语)“形成,制作”, figura “形状,形式,图案”; digen(古爱尔兰语)“坚固的,结实的”,最初是“揉成紧密的块状”; deigan(哥特语)“涂抹”, dag(古英语), daigs(哥特语)“面团”。
Proto-Indo-European 根词,表示“向前”,并通过扩展表示“在前面,之前,首要,朝向,靠近,反对”等。
它构成了以下单词或部分单词: afford; approach; appropriate; approve; approximate; barbican; before; deprive; expropriate; far; first; for; for-; fore; fore-; forefather; foremost; former (adj.); forth; frame; frau; fret; Freya; fro; froward; from; furnish; furniture; further; galore; hysteron-proteron; impervious; improbity; impromptu; improve; palfrey; par (prep.); para- (1) "alongside, beyond; altered; contrary; irregular, abnormal; " paradise; pardon; paramount; paramour; parvenu; pellucid; per; per-; percent; percussion; perennial; perestroika; perfect; perfidy; perform; perfume; perfunctory; perhaps; peri-; perish; perjury; permanent; permeate; permit; pernicious; perpendicular; perpetual; perplex; persecute; persevere; perspective; perspire; persuasion; pertain; peruse; pervade; pervert; pierce; portray; postprandial; prae-; Prakrit; pre-; premier; presbyter; Presbyterian; preterite; pride; priest; primal; primary; primate; primavera; prime; primeval; primitive; primo; primogenitor; primogeniture; primordial; primus; prince; principal; principle; prior; pristine; private; privilege; privy; pro (n.2) "a consideration or argument in favor; " pro-; probably; probe; probity; problem; proceed; proclaim; prodigal; produce; profane; profess; profile; profit; profound; profuse; project; promise; prompt; prone; proof; proper; property; propinquity; prophet; prose; prostate; prosthesis; protagonist; Protean; protect; protein; Proterozoic; protest; proto-; protocol; proton; protoplasm; Protozoa; proud; prove; proverb; provide; provoke; prow; prowess; proximate; Purana; purchase; purdah; reciprocal; rapprochement; reproach; reprove; veneer。
它是假设的源头,其存在的证据由以下提供:梵语 pari “周围,通过”, parah “更远的,远离的,远大的”, pura “以前,之前”, pra- “之前,向前,向前”; 阿维斯塔语 pairi- “周围”, paro “之前”; 赫梯语 para “在外面”,希腊语 peri “周围,关于,靠近,超出”, pera “横跨,超出”, paros “之前”, para “从旁边,超出”, pro “之前”; 拉丁语 pro “之前,为了,代表,而不是”, porro “向前”, prae “之前”, per “通过”; 古斯拉夫语 pra-dedu “曾祖父”; 俄语 pere- “通过”; 立陶宛语 per “通过”; 古爱尔兰语 ire “更远”, roar “足够”; 哥特语 faura “之前”,古英语 fore(prep。)“之前,在前面”,(adv。)“之前,以前”, fram “向前,从”, feor “到很远的地方,很久以前”; 德语 vor “之前,在前面”; 古爱尔兰语 air- 哥特语 fair-,德语 ver-,古英语 fer-,强调前缀。
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paradise 的使用趋势
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仅供参考,由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文,请访问:Etymology, origin and meaning of paradise
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